By Michele Coppin
Historically,
mankind has given symbolic value to colors. As societies developed, colors came
to represent different concepts and served multiple functions. They emphasized
certain meanings within an image, indicated status, expressed identity, etc. Of
course, these meanings are very different depending on the culture they belong
to.
Here are
some examples of the meanings of various colors from Western European societies.
White: From the birth of the new moon, often
associated with birth, purity, cleanliness. Brides wear white to symbolize
innocence and purity.
Black: Mourning, death, earth,
seriousness, submission. Priests wear black to signify submission to God.
Red: the most emotional color, red
signifies passion and love. Hearts are always red, but red also symbolizes
blood, fighting and ardor.
Yellow: Warmth, sun, happiness, gold.
Yellow also symbolizes cowardice, betrayal and hatred.
Orange: Warmth, wealth.
Green: Calming and refreshing, it is the
color of spring and youth. (Walt Disney dressed Peter Pan in green. As the little
boy who wouldn’t grow up, the eternal youth wears a tunic reminiscent of
foliage. Green also symbolizes envy.
Blue: The color of the sky and the
ocean. Blue symbolizes sincerity, loyalty, peacefulness and tranquility. Blue
also connotes melancholy, sadness and isolation. Picasso’s “Blue Period” began
shortly after he moved from Barcelona to Paris. He was poor,
depressed and cold. From 1900 to 1904, he primarily painted thin, elongated
figures in variations of blue. When his work began to sell and his spirits
lifted, his palette shifted to Pink.

The Tragedy, 1903
Picasso
National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
Purple: The color of royalty. Purple
connotes luxury, wealth, power and dignity.
In
Antiquity, purple was derived from a rare sea snail so expensive (even more
than gold), it became a symbol of royalty as only the very wealthy could afford
it.
The
Byzantine emperor Justinian I appears
clad in a purple cape in this 6th century mosaic from the San Vitale
Basilica in Ravenna, Italy.